(2013?漳州二模)元素周期表中第四周期的金属元素在生产和科研中有非常重要的使用价值.(1)测定土壤中

2025-04-08 09:35:14
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

(1)①铁是26号元素,铁原子核外有26个电子,铁原子失去2个电子变成亚铁离子,Fe2+在基态时,核外电子排布式为ls22s22p63s23p63d6或[Ar]3d6
故答案为:ls22s22p63s23p63d6或[Ar]3d6
②羟胺分子中,价层电子对为4的原子有N、O原子,所以采用sp3杂化的原子有N、O原子,故答案为:N、O;
③配位数就是在配位个体中与一个形成体成键的配位原子的总数,所以Fe2+与邻啡罗啉形成的配合物(形成过程如图1)中,配位数为6,故答案为:6;
(2)Cu2+提供空轨道,N原子提供孤对电子,Cu2+与NH3分子之间形成配位键,NH3分子中N、H原子之间以共价键结合,內界离子[Cu(NH34]2+与外界离子SO42-以离子键结合,
故答案为:离子键、共价键、配位键;
(3)N、F、H三种元素的电负性:F>N>H,所以NH3中共用电子对偏向N,而在NF3中,共用电子对偏向F,偏离N原子,
故答案为:F的电负性比N大,N-F成键电子对向F偏移,导致NF3中N原子核对其孤对电子的吸引能力增强,难以形成配位键,NF3不易与Cu2+形成配离子,
(4)Ni(CO)4常温下为液态,易溶于CCl4、苯等有机溶剂,固态Ni(CO)4属于分子晶体,故答案为:分子;
(5)三个球相切,摆成正三角形,然后上面放第四个球,这样围成的空隙,就叫正四面体空隙,如图所示:在面心立方结构中,每个小立方体对应1个四面体空隙,一共有8个正四面体空隙,上图画出了其中一个,第四周期电负性最小的原子是K,所以晶胞中一共有8个K原子,1+6×

1
2
=4个C60分子,故组成 K8(C604,化学式为K2C60,故答案为:K2C60

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