推荐回答(1个)
游泳常见的几种溺水的原因和自救方法
1.技术不熟练。初学游泳的人,由于技术掌握的不好,在水中一旦发生问题就手忙脚乱,导致呛水而造成溺水。为预防溺水事故发生。平时应正确地掌握游泳技术,呼吸自如,游进时自然放松。如发生呛水,保持镇定,可改变游泳姿势,用踩水方法,排除呛水后立即上岸休息。
2.在非游泳区游泳。由于对水中的情况不熟悉,即使会游泳,也可能发生溺水事故。因为水中可能有暗桩、礁石、急流、旋涡、水草以及障碍物等都可能对游泳者造成伤害。所以,尽量不要在非游泳区游泳。如在游泳中遇到水草缠住脚时,一旦遇到危险的情况,首先要保持冷静然后采用仰泳或反蛙泳姿势使身体平卧水面用手将缠住脚的水草向脚趾方向扒掉。如进漩涡使身体保持平卧姿势,增长身体半径漩涡面游出危险区。
3.患病期间游泳。对于一些有慢性病的人在医生的指导下是可以游泳的,但没有医生的指导是很危险的。如有些患心脏病的人平时没有什么不良感觉,但一下水由于受到冷水的刺激或游泳运动量过大心脏一时不能适应发病而产生溺水。所以,对于身体有问题的人,建议其听医生的建议,且运动负荷不要太大。
4.潜水。由于潜水必须憋气,时间过长或过频会引起脑缺氧而出现头痛、头晕或出现休克等现象。因此:潜游泳时间不要过长或过频,以免发生意外。
5.碰撞打闹。有些人喜欢在水里打闹嬉戏,特别是年轻人喜欢做些有挑战性的动作。如:跳水,这是比较危险的,有时池子深度不够跳水后将自己的头撞破的事时有发生。
6.抽筋溺水。由于游泳前未做好准备活动、身体过于疲劳、出汗后马上下水、水温过凉、技术动作过分紧张等原因,在游泳中都会出现抽筋的现象。如手指、前臂、脚趾、小腿和大腿等部位都容易抽筋,如果在深水自己不会处理,就会发生溺水事故。要学会简单的处理方法,主要使抽筋部位伸展。如手指抽筋,向外伸展即可排除。如小腿抽筋,先吸一口气浮在水面上,用抽筋的对侧手握住抽筋的脚趾。用力向身体方向拉。同时同侧手压在抽筋腿膝盖,使抽筋腿伸直即可解除。因此遇到抽筋时千万不要紧张,应根据抽筋的部位冷静地处理,然后及时游向岸边。如果腿部或全身性抽筋,则应及时呼救。
7.长游造成疲劳。有的游泳爱好者喜欢长游,看看自己到底能游多长、多久。这是可以理解的,但是这样也容易发生溺水事故。例如,本来自己只能游1000米,而非要横渡1500米的水域,难免发生事故。所以遇到这种情况时,一不要逞能,二要赶紧回岸,三要及早呼救。
8.脚陷入淤泥。陷入泥坑时,千万不要紧张,更不能站立式踩水。应将身体横卧水中,最好是用仰泳办法慢慢游出,可以脱离危险。
9.遇到洪灾等不可抗拒的来水时如果头脑是清醒的尽量抓住一切可以利用的漂浮物体,如木桩、门板等游向较近的岸边,等待救援。
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