甲酸,乙酸,乙酸甲酯怎么鉴别?

2025-04-07 09:25:00
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

首先分辨出乙酸甲酯

甲酸、乙酸都可以以任意比例与水互溶;乙酸甲酯在水中的溶解度约为25g。所以将未知液体和水1:1混合,可以分辨出乙酸甲酯(静置后分层)

还有一个办法是靠气味——甲酸、乙酸都有强烈的酸味,乙酸甲酯则是酯类的特殊香味。用手在容器口扇动,用鼻子嗅,也是可以辨别出乙酸甲酯的。


然后分辨甲酸和乙酸

甲酸和乙酸的鉴别,可以先加碱(如氨水)中和,然后用银镜反应来分辨。甲酸具有还原性的醛基,可以发生银镜反应,而乙酸不能。

HCOOH + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH (条件:加热) = 2Ag↓ + (NH4)2CO3 + 2NH3 + H2O


用斐林试剂也可以鉴别,甲酸能与之反应,乙酸不能。

2NaOH + HCOOH + 2Cu(OH)2 (条件:加热)= Na2CO3 + Cu2O + 4H2O

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