魏晋时期的汉服是什么样子的

2025-03-10 17:53:06
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

一。女服:
1.袿(衤属)杂裾。
袿衣是魏晋女服中的礼服。魏晋时期衣冠承于东汉,一秉东汉追求繁华、奢丽的风格,兴起一种后世绝无的衣式——袿衣。袿衣是衣两侧有尖角的款式,来自两汉以来深衣“交输剪裁”的两角,所谓交输,是深衣左右两衽片裁成尖角,掩垂在人身体两侧的一种剪裁方法。魏晋时流行的袿衣在这种基础上继续延长两角,使之更长狭,更有飘垂动感,这些续在衣裾的长角称之为“袿角”或“刀袿”。不仅是衽角,蔽膝两侧也常有垂饰,一般是几条细软的缯纱飘带,称为“袿衤属”。从《洛神赋图》《列女仁智图》等,可见袿衣大袖的绮丽,这些女子身着右衽交领襦,垂胡大袖,下裙曳地,裙裾袿角飘飞,这便是彼时辞赋中的“华袿飞髾”。
2. 大袖博带
魏晋女服流行大袖,但收祛于口,俗称“灯笼袖”。自先秦两汉以来,腰带一般宽不过3寸,但魏晋女服的腰间多束一条宽宽的布帛,布帛上再系一道细窄的腰带,是身前打一花结。这种束腰方式是从东汉末年兴起的新款式,大约与彼时流行细腰有关。而且,这种束腰法显然影响了日本和服的腰封方式。
3.轻纱禅衣
东汉两晋不论男女都流行外服罩一件飘逸的纱榖禅衣,如《女史箴图》中那位对镜梳发的女子,上襦外罩一件可以透出襦衣的淡红纱榖,体现出“被文榖之华袿,振轻绮之飘飘”。
4.喇叭袖、对襟、圆口中衣、裙裤
有人总结魏晋衣饰的一个特点是“上俭下丰”,事实上,真正体现出这一特点的应在东晋南渡之后。为适应南方溽热的天气,中原服饰发生一系列变化,南朝墓葬出土的俑常着袖口喇叭状的上襦,交叠的衽也改成对襟,襦内着一件没有交领的、有些像我们今天T恤衫的圆领中衣,同时束腰也不再繁复,有的甚至没有束腰,与之对应的是宽松的、利于散热的下裙。后来,随着北方胡人影响的加重,游牧民族的绔褶被东晋所接受,南朝也流行起宽大的裙裤,而着裙裤的一般是梳着双鬟的少女,如《历代帝王图》中陈废帝身旁的少女。

二。女子发型:
1. 高髻、假髻:流行繁复的高髻与东汉接近,只是髻式更加繁复多样。如四起大髻、环髻、扁髻、堕马髻、飞天髻、灵蛇髻、螺髻、双环望仙髻。
2. 垂髾:与东汉接近,魏晋喜“垂髾”,一般髻后一缕垂髾,称为“飞髾”,或两鬓各垂一缕,称为“分髾”。
3. 步摇钗钿:与两汉不同的是,魏晋女子梳髻却很少戴帼,多以金叶片缀于花树的步摇或金银钿花,成双插于髻前两侧。
4. 脑后垂发:挽髻后余发垂于背,或束起或打成花结。

三。男服:
1.不穿中衣、褒衣大袖
魏晋男子流行服食丹药,药性上来全身燥热,皮肤敏感,所以魏晋的名士们多光身着宽大外衣,或者外衣内着一件类似今天吊带衫的奇特内衣,此衣式仅见于这一时代,款式参见《北齐校书图》。
2.小冠、介帻
魏晋男子审美的极端体现在与褒衣博带对应着小冠小帻。从汉画像石上多见将头均罩住的大冠,如进贤冠。而魏晋男子冠只着于发髻上;另外,东汉以来巾帻流行不衰,巾帻本衬于冠内,而此时无冠而帻已然成为外出之服。帻的体型也较小,不像东汉之帻有耳,此时无耳的介帻大为流行。
3.绔褶(xi2)
或许受北方游牧民族的影响,中原男子在这一时代也开始流行上衣和裤装。绔、裤互称,此时的裤多宽大,而且因为宽大,多在膝盖处扎一带,小腿依然散开成喇叭状,这种裤成为缚裤。
4.木屐
这也是服饰文化为了南方湿热气候的一种改变,着高齿木屐逐渐成为名士之风。
5. 女性化倾向
俗语“乱世多妖孽”,此言不虚。原先放达的士族文化在南朝发展成为一种奇特的极端状态,走向娇弱柔媚的病态,比如男子流行熏衣剃面、施朱傅粉,服饰也学着女子袖袂飘拂、衣裾曳地,有的出行时还有专人于身后提挈长裾。社会上流行起“美男文化”,大约比今天的美男们有过之而无不及。

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