三国演义马岱最后哪里去了呢?

2025-02-27 16:32:35
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

不论是在《三国志》还是《三国演义》里,关于马超堂弟马岱的记载基本都是止于斩杀魏延之后就没有记载了。

而在《晋书》中有一节:“蜀将马岱入寇,帝遣将军牛金击走之,斩千余级”。这是马岱在官方中最后一次出现了,之后就没有了任何记载。据称,在1950年的一次考古中发现了一块刻有“汉平北将军马公讳岱之墓”,此墓的遗址在今四川省新都县军屯镇和弥牟镇交汇处,新都县在今成都境内,马岱最后是葬在了蜀汉的国都成都,而且符合他平北将军的身份,其葬礼也算是隆重。

至于马岱是怎么死的?我认为应该就和他最后一战有关,马岱被魏将牛金击败之后,虽然成功逃回了成都,但因为军队损失实在过大,或许刘禅没说什么,但马岱还是忧郁成疾,像他老哥马超那样活活憋屈死了,而这一切就得从那一千多名战死于沙场的士兵说起了。

马岱和牛金之战,虽然只损失了一千多人,但这支部队可不同寻常,这是跟随马超、马岱入蜀的西北兄弟团,也就是蜀汉的精锐——白毦兵。为什么这样说呢?有什么证据吗?有。

虽然白毦兵在正史中记载极少,只知道它的统帅是陈到,是蜀汉的精锐之师。可在这极少的记载中也可以知道其中的一些的细节。

首先诸葛亮说过白毦兵是西方上士,据研究可知,“毦”实际上是一种装饰,多为羌人所佩戴。而在这支部队调入永安驻守之前,根本就没听说过这支部队的存在,就连刘备在长坂坡之战如此紧要的关头,也没看到刘备有使用过这支部队的记载。

所以白毦兵应该就是刘备入蜀并招降了马超后,以自己的数万军队和马超带来的数千白毦兵交换,让马超去攻打成都,而其私人武装白毦兵就被刘备收编,正式成为自己的亲兵卫队,由陈到带领。之后白毦兵虽然驻守永安,可当时孙刘联盟稳固,要监视威胁的李严也已经被下狱了,把这样一支精锐部队安放在无用之地岂不是浪费了。诸葛亮北伐最缺的就是兵力,为此还费心费力打造了数支特种部队(强弩士、神刀军、无当飞军等),希望以质量来挽回数量上的劣势。像这样一支熟悉陇右,又骁勇善战的军队,诸葛亮是不可能将其浪费在永安一地的。

我认为白毦兵最后还是被调到了北伐前线,而其统帅陈到留在了永安,接替李严做了第二任永安都督,那谁有资格取代陈到去领导白毦兵呢?或许既熟悉陇右事务,又是白毦兵前任领导之一的马岱是最有资格的了。

所以马岱在统领了白毦兵之后,带领着他们继续为蜀汉的事业进行着北伐,直到马岱被牛金打败,余下的白毦兵全部战死之后(白毦兵记载极少,可见其并不是一支像无当飞军一样具有传续性的部队),马岱幸免于难,逃回了成都。

对马岱来说,白毦兵的战死不止是国家的极大损失,更是摧毁了马超、马岱兄弟俩最后的一根稻草,当年马超因为全家被杀而内疚了一辈子,现在马岱连最后的兄弟团都保不住,他的自责和苦恼可想而知,兄弟们全部战死,马岱在蜀汉已成为了孤家寡人了。

而且由于战争的失利,蜀汉官员难免会有弹劾或者背地里指责马岱,加上马岱也是外来势力,是属于降将,他所面对的压力未必比当年的马超要少。在内外压力之下,马岱忧郁成疾,很快就死于急病了,而刘禅也知道马岱的苦恼,但死者已矣也不好再追究什么了,只能将其以将军的礼仪埋葬,和刘备对马超一样。

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