怎么区别真正的不锈钢和电镀 304不锈钢板知识补充

2025-02-27 12:56:16
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

首先需要说明的是,目前还不能把不锈钢电镀到其他金属材料上面,因为不锈钢含有的不只是一种元素,而是很多种合金元素按照不同比例的组合,目前的技术还达不到多种类元素复合电镀的水平,现在能够做的是进行复合轧制,即把不锈钢夹在某种钢材两边进行轧制,形成外面是不锈钢,夹心是别的钢种的方法,这个很容易判别:看截面就能够看得出来。
知识补充:
不锈钢有很多种类和牌号,通常将不锈钢按照组织分为马氏体不锈钢、奥氏体不锈钢及铁素体不锈钢三种类。
一、马氏体不锈钢
马氏体不锈钢分为三类,有12Cr13、20Cr13、30Cr13、40Cr13等Cr13型,有95Cr18、90Cr18MoV等高碳高铬钢及14Cr17Ni2等低碳钢。
Cr13型不锈钢随着钢中碳含量的增加,钢的强度、硬度、耐磨性提高,但耐蚀性下降。这类钢的耐蚀性较差,但它的力学性能却可通过热处理进行强化,而且价格低廉。因此在腐蚀性较弱的介质中,如大气、水蒸气、淡水、海水等,且又要求高的力学性能的条件下得到了广泛应用。
二、奥氏体不锈钢
奥氏体不锈钢中典型的钢号有06Cr19Ni10、12Cr18Ni9、06Cr19Ni10、022Cr19Ni10等。 这种钢C含量很低,Cr含量为17%~19%,Ni含量为8%~11%,也称为18-8型不锈钢。
奥氏体不锈钢室温下为单相奥氏体组织,所以奥氏体不锈钢除了有很好的耐蚀性外,还具有高的塑性、良好的焊接性、韧性和低温韧性,主要用于制造在强腐蚀性介质(如酸、碱、盐溶液)中工作的零件
但是由于含大量的Cr、Ni等合金元素,所以价格比较贵,另外,奥氏体组织易产生加工硬化,使切削加工比较困难。
奥氏体不锈钢在退火状态下并非是单相奥氏体,还有少量的碳化物。为了获得单相奥氏体,提高耐蚀性,必须进行固溶处理
固溶处理是将钢加热到1050~1150℃,使所有的碳化物都溶入奥氏体,然后水淬快冷至室温,以获得单相奥氏体组织。固溶处理的目的是提高耐蚀性,同时也能使钢软化。
奥氏体不锈钢由于是奥氏体组织,所以塑性很好,适用于进行各种冷塑性变形。但正是由于此,这类钢唯一的强化方法是加工硬化。
三、铁素体不锈钢
铁素体不锈钢主要有三种类型:06Cr13、0Cr13Al等Cr13型;10Cr17、10Cr17Mo等Cr17型:16Cr25N、008Cr27Mo等Cr25-30型。
铁素体不锈钢的C含量小于0.25%,为了提高某些性能,可加入Mo、Ti、Al、Si等元素。Cr的含量为12%~30%。
铁素体不锈钢是单相铁素体组织,加热至高温(900~1100℃)组织也不发生明显变化。
铁素体不锈钢的力学性能和工艺性能比较差,脆性大,韧脆转变稳定在室温左右,所以多用于制造受力不大的有耐酸和抗氧化要求的结构部件。铁素体不锈钢在加热和冷却过程中基本上无同素异构转变,加热与冷却过程中不发生相变,因而一旦晶粒长大,无法用热处理加以细化,只能用塑性变形及再结晶来改善。铁素体不锈钢多在750~850℃退火软化态下使用。

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