崩塌,滑坡及泥石流的形成条件,以及崩 塌和滑坡的异同点比较

2025-04-05 20:56:26
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

崩塌,滑坡及泥石流共同点都是重力作用上往下的变化:
崩塌和滑坡有很多相式之处,不同点是,崩塌是支撑力受到破坏,发生分开和下沉,而滑坡是支撑力发生破坏,物体分离沿一定的坡面滑动下降.而泥石流的行成必须符合这样几个条件,一、松软散的泥土,破碎的岩石.二、足够的水源冲入,使泥土岩石发生流动.

崩塌与滑坡区别主要表现在以下方面:
1、崩塌发生之后,崩塌物常推积在山坡脚,呈锥形体,结构零乱,毫无层序;而滑坡堆积物常具有一定的外部形状,滑坡体的整体性较好,反映出层序和结构特征。也就是说,在滑坡堆积物中,岩体(土体)的上下层位和新老关系没有多大的变化,仍然是有规律的分布。
2、崩塌体完全脱离母体(山体),而滑坡体则很少是完全脱离母体的。多属部分滑体残留在滑床之上。
3、崩塌发生之后,崩塌物的垂直位移量远大于水平位移量,其重心位置降低了很多;而滑坡则不然,通常是滑坡体的水平位移量大于垂直位移。多数滑坡体的重心位置降低不多,滑动距离却很大。同时,滑坡下滑速度一般比崩塌缓慢。
4、崩塌堆积物表面基本上不见裂缝分布。而滑坡体表面,尤其是新发生的滑坡,其表面有很多具有一定规律性的纵横裂缝。比如:分布在滑坡体上部(也就是后部)的弧形拉张裂缝;分布在滑坡体中部两侧的剪切裂缝(呈羽毛状);分布在滑坡体前部的横张裂缝,其方向垂直于滑坡方向,即受压力的方向;分布在滑坡体中前部,尤其是以滑坡舌部为多的扇形张裂缝,或者称为滑坡前缘的放射状裂缝。

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