贵州行之从江岜沙苗寨

2025-02-26 19:26:43
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7月3日,我们7:30从加傍出发,10:30到达从江汽车站。然后包车到岜沙苗寨。

岜沙苗寨宁静、幽远、原始,几处村寨散布在山侧的翠竹密林间。石板小路随山就势,蜿蜒上下,吊脚木楼古朴简单,高低错落。寨子里狗很多,行走坐卧,自在悠闲。路边植被茂密,各种草木蔬果,更有参天古树,遮天蔽日。我们看到一种植物,有着像花朵一样的片片白色。司机却说这不是花,是绿叶白化了,或者说是刚萌发不久的嫩叶。

从江岜沙苗族被称为“最后的枪手部落”。世居于此的苗家人一直保存着古老的生活习俗,其装束有秦汉遗风。岜沙男子头顶挽着发髻,穿着自家纺织的无领右开襟亮布衣,直筒大裤管亮布裤,长年身佩腰刀,肩扛火枪,仿佛古代武士。女性则穿着自己制作的亮布衣裙,佩戴银饰。我们行色匆匆,没有看到岜沙汉子扛枪挎刀的雄姿。更遗憾的是,还错过了景区的民俗演出,岜沙人特有的“鸣枪迎宾”、“鸣枪送客“、补荡拎溜(镰刀剃头)、婚俗展示等精彩节目都无缘看到。

“合法持枪”、“树葬文化”、“镰刀剃头”是岜沙的三大不同。芭莎,苗语意为草木繁多。芭莎人崇拜树,视树为神,逢年过节都有祭祀古树、生命树的习俗。他们认为每一棵树都是祖先的灵魂。孩子出生时,会种下一棵树,百年之后用于棺木,并在下葬处新种一棵。

岜沙男子的发髻,苗语中称为“户棍”,是16岁举行成人礼时鬼师用镰刀所剃,仅留下头顶的一小撮盘发为髻,并终身保持发式。这是目前中国能见到的最古老的发式。

离开岜沙后,我们来到从江县城的鼓楼广场。广场上古榕粗壮繁茂,从江鼓楼高耸壮观。很多人在榕树下或鼓楼内谈天、散步、休闲、纳凉。

鼓楼是侗寨的标志性建筑,从江鼓楼则是最高的木结构鼓楼,被誉为侗乡第一鼓楼。从江鼓楼占地477平方米,高46.8米,楼身27级,双层宝顶,平面为八角形。楼冠下置如意斗拱,斗拱下装漏窗,翼角翘起。整栋鼓楼均釆用杉木建造,不费一钉一铆卯榫而成,由32根柱子顶立支撑。鼓楼底层东西两面各一大门,楼内有环梯直达楼顶。整栋楼内外雕梁画栋,图案包含从江各种民俗文化元素,生动精美。

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