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The emergence and development of naturalism and its characteristics
Naturalist literature as a genre of Western literature produced in the second half of 19th century France, which is an anti-realism, the literary trends of thought and creative method. The theory is based on a subjective idealist Auguste Comte • empirical philosophy and the then popular in Europe mechanical materialism experimental science.
Naturalistic concept first put forward by the French novelist Emile Zola. He thinks that man did not get a real sense of freedom, on the contrary, human life, ideas and ethics are subject to social, economic, psychological, etc. factors. As in other European writers and artists, as Zola has been the impact of Darwin's theory of evolution, and use the theory of evolution to also describe the behavior of characters in literature. Therefore, the origin of the world and all living beings is due to the natural role of the view that has been widely accepted. Most people have recognized the facts established on the basis of the theory of evolution, and treated as a law of nature. The late 19th century, with the increasing social conflicts and the development of science, influence in Europe and the United States itself, under the joint action of local literature, naturalistic novels in the United States and increasingly popular cause for concern, emerged Stephen • Klein , Franklin • Norris, Jack • London • Theodore Dreiser, and other famous writers.
Naturalist literature attaches great importance to the description of environment, with particular emphasis on the works of the objective environment decisive role in the fate of character, emphasizing environmental determinism figures, the decision between good and evil, decided to attribute the human essence. Naturalist literature has also advocated literary genres into the science field, from a scientific perspective in their understanding of literature, with a scientific attitude towards literature and stressed in the literature true, the truth as a literary life. Affected by the impact of scientific doctrine, naturalism has said the real consists of two levels of meaning: on the one hand is the right things in his works an objective, accurate tracing, on the other is the effort to explore the inherent law of things; in other words, a writer in addition reflect or reproduction of things, but also reveal and explain things, such as Zola said, "Our area is not only embodies the eternal human feelings, because we have to explain the real causes of these feelings", to "identify the human and Determinants of social phenomena "

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