牛顿环实验问题

2025-04-06 23:18:31
推荐回答(2个)
回答(1):

1.在测量牛顿环直径时,若叉丝交点不是准确地通过圆环的中心,因而测量的是弦长而非真正的直径,这对实验结果是否有影响?为什么?
没有影响。
曲率半径 R = [ d(k)^2 - d(k+m)^2 ] / (4*m*λ)
d 是直径,如果换成用弦的长度代进去,不影响差值,画个图就清楚了。

2.为什么相邻两暗环(或亮环)的间距,靠近中心的要比边缘的大?
由公式就能推出来。
比如暗环,r(k)^2 = kλR, r(k+1)^2 = (k+1)λR
两式相减,得
r(k+1)^2 - r(k)^2 = λR
[r(k+1) - r(k)]*[ r(k+1) + r(k)] = λR
条纹间距:
Δr = [r(k+1) - r(k)] = λR/[ r(k+1) + r(k)]
是否已经看出,半径越大,条纹间距越小?或者反过来说,靠近中心的要比边缘的大?
说明:这个推导方法在一般教科书上都没有给出。

回答(2):

1、由于条纹间距与空气膜变化率有关,变化率一定时间距才相等,所以要牛顿环条纹间距相等,需要把实验晶体磨成圆锥…
2、球面有凸起,则凸起处空气膜变薄,此时该部位空气膜的厚度由于变薄而与圆心部分相似,所以条纹也与圆心处的相连,所以干涉条纹向远离圆心方向,即向外凸出。 不好理解的话想想劈尖验平整的情景。
3、不圆说明变化率不一样,要不就是实验晶体不标准,要不就是放歪了,使一边的变化率变大,另一边的减小,造成条纹不圆的结果。

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