推荐回答(1个)
一、掌握职工违章发生规律性 安全生产事故的发生,90%是由于违章操作等“三违”行为所造成的。通过分析总结,职工违章有如下规律性。 一是从事煤矿一线工作的人员大都在初中文化以下,甚至文盲,基层队干、班组长没有真正树立“安全第一”的思想意识。当生产、效益与安全发生矛盾时,往往就是安全让路,进行违章作业;二是新工人进矿入井时,容易产生“新鲜感”和“恐惧感”,井下环境不熟,操作技能差,易发生违章作业;三是生产条件较好时,容易产生“麻痹感”而放松警惕;生产条件差时又易产生“威胁感”而盲目蛮干违章作业。四是当从业人员之间发生矛盾时,容易产生“窝火感”或“失落感”,心思烦乱,易走神违章作业。 五是当受到批评或惩罚时,容易产生“不服感”或“报复感”,极易用“违章”行为来发泄心里的不平;六是下班前后,容易产生“急躁感”或“侥幸感”,不顾质量,图快图省蛮干,急于下班出井,常发生各类“违章”;七是工作量加大时,容易产生“疲惫感”,身体劳乏难以适应,进而投机取巧,极易产生违章行为;八是农忙季节或者婚丧嫁娶时,容易产生“惦记感”,尤其是当地农村的从业人员总是惦记着回家搭把手或者是帮忙。心情烦闷,举止恍惚,容易产生违章作业;九是当从业人员家中遇到天灾人祸、夫妻不和等特殊情况时,容易产生“烦闷感”和“忧郁感”,工作中容易“打岔走神”而违章作业。 上述情况都是发生违章的重点,也必然是我们应该把握的规律,安全生产中对违章治理工作只有把握其发生的规律,才会加强安全工作的预见性。 二、建立判别标准,查“三违”根源 解决“三违”,首先要消除产生“三违”的土壤。隐患排查自查阶段,要动员全体职工全面细致地识别本部门、本岗位存在的“三违”现象和行为,组织有关专业人员对这些现象和行为进行分析、评价,提出对策措施,再经过分类、汇总、整理,找到“三违”深层原因:是作业场所环境及设施不具备正常操作的条件,还是由于教育培训不到位或相关规章制度和规程不完善;是存在侥幸心理,或对自己控制危险的能力估计过高,还是由于生理、心理、环境等因素的影响,在无主观意识的情况下,判断失误、疏忽、遗漏等造成的“三违”等等。有针对性采取措施,分析“三违”根源、提出安全依据、解决不安全问题,有步骤开展反“三违”活动。
三、追究不作为责任,抓层层监管 “三违”现象的屡禁不止,终其原因是部分员工在实际操作过程中,侥幸心理严重,对“违章”行为习以为常,但相关领导尤其是队长、班组长存在漠视违章、不作为甚至违章指挥的现象无形中对违章作业起到了默认、纵容的作用。各级安全监督管理部门要对发现的“三违”现象进行责任倒推,对安全监管不履职、安全管理“不作为”的查处作为监督检查工作的重点,发现一次,教育一次,查处一次,并记录在案。对不能严格执行制度和规程的管理者要加大打击力度,一要处罚、二要撤职。隐患排查过程中要将“三违”就是安全事故来对待,要认真落实“四不放过”——违章原因不查清不放过、相关责任人未处理不放过、职工未受到教育不放过、未采取有效措施不放过的原则,彻底扭转查而不管、查而不纠的被动局面。 四、完善教育和惩处机制,杜绝“三违”现象 要根据具体的“三违”行为的性质、内容、后果程度等建立“三违”教育和惩处机制,对性质较轻“三违”现象,坚持先尊重后批评、先教育后惩处的人性化监管原则,对屡纠屡犯和部分危险岗位、关键岗位可能或造成重大事故的“三违”现象,要发现一起,严厉查处一起,并通过离岗培训、调离岗位直至解除合同等形式,建立违章高压线,逐步减少和消除“三违”行为。
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