推荐回答(2个)
有毒蛇的毒腺是从唾液腺进化而来的;是一种自我保护的手段。有的蛇有毒,有的无毒。
【蛇毒简介】:
蛇毒是毒蛇从毒腺中分泌出来的一种液体,主要成份是毒性蛋白质,约占干重的90%至95%。酶类和毒素约含二十多种。此外,还含有一些小分子肽、氨基酸、碳水化合物、脂类、核苷、生物胺类及金属离子等。蛇毒成分十分复杂,不同蛇毒的毒性、药理及毒理作用各具特点。
【蛇毒的种类】:
血液毒素:如蝰蛇、腹蛇、竹叶青、五步蛇等,造成被咬伤处迅速肿胀、发硬、流血不止,剧痛,皮肤呈紫黑色,常发生皮肤坏死,淋巴结肿大。经6-8小时可扩散到头部、颈部、四肢和腰背部。病犬战栗,体温升高,心动加快,呼吸困难,不能站立。鼻出血,尿血,抽搐。如果咬伤后4小时内未得到有效治疗则最后因心力衰竭或休克而死亡。
神经毒素:包括金环蛇、银环蛇等蛇分泌的毒素。咬伤后,局部症状不明显蛇毒,流血少,红肿热病轻微。但是伤后数小时内出现急剧的全身症状,病人兴奋不安,痛苦呻吟,全身肌肉颤抖,吐白沫,吞咽困难,呼吸困难,最后卧地不起,全身抽搐,呼吸肌麻痹而死亡。
混合毒素:眼镜蛇和眼镜王蛇的蛇毒属于混合毒素。局部伤口红肿,发热,有痛感,可能出现坏死。毒素被吸收后,全身症状严重而复杂,既有神经症状,又有血循毒素造成的损害,最后,全死于窒息或心动力衰竭。
细胞毒素:属眼镜蛇近亲的海蛇属于细胞毒素。海蛇毒液对人体损害的部位主要是随意肌,而不是神经系统。海蛇毒被人体吸收非常快,中毒后最先感到的是肌肉无力、酸痛,眼睑下垂,颌部强直,有点像破伤风的症状,同时心脏和肾脏也会受到严重损伤。被咬伤的人,可能在几小时至几天内死亡。多数海蛇是在受到骚扰时才伤人。
你好!这是黄昏蛇,无毒。
判断蛇是否有毒:从外表看,无毒蛇的头部呈椭圆形,尾部细长,体表花纹多不明显,如火赤练蛇、乌风蛇等,毒蛇的头部呈三角形,一般头大颈细,尾短而突然变细,表皮花纹比较鲜艳,如五步蛇、蝮蛇、竹叶青、眼镜蛇、金环蛇、银环蛇等(但眼镜蛇、银环蛇的头部不呈三角形);从伤口看,由于毒蛇都有毒牙,伤口上会留有两颗毒牙的大牙印,而无毒蛇留下的伤口是一排整齐的牙印;从时间看,如果咬伤后15分钟内出现红肿并疼痛,则有可能是被毒蛇咬了。②被毒蛇咬伤后的急救。咬伤后不要剧烈奔跑,以减慢人体对蛇毒的吸收和蛇毒在人体内的传播速度,减轻全身反应;记住伤口的形态,详细告知急救的医务人员,如果把蛇打死,则带上死蛇,以便医务人员及时、正确地给以治疗;被毒蛇咬伤后,应立即用柔软的绳或带结扎在伤口上方,以阻断静脉血和淋巴液的回流,减少毒液吸收,防止毒素扩散;应急排毒。立即用冷茶、冷开水或泉水冲洗伤口,有条件的话可用生理盐水、肥皂水、双氧水、千分之一的过锰酸钾溶液、四千分之一的呋喃西林溶液冲洗。施行刀刺排毒,用清洁的小苗刀、痧刀、三棱针或其它干净的利器挑破伤口,不要太深,以划破两个毒牙痕间的皮肤为原则,或在伤口周围的皮肤上,用小苗刀挑数孔,刀口如米粒大小,这样就可防止伤口闭塞,使毒液外流,刀刺后应马上清洗伤口,从上而下向伤口不断挤压15分钟左右,挤出毒液。如果伤口里的毒液不能畅通外流,可用吸吮排毒法,采用拔火罐、针筒前端套一条橡皮管来抽吸毒液,无工具时可直接用嘴吸吮,但必须注意安全,边吸边吐,每次都用清水漱口。内服、外敷药物,具体用什么蛇药,应根据当时当地能立即采到为原则,灵活运用。③避免被蛇咬,在山野中行走时,不要随便将手插入树洞或岩石空隙等蛇在白天的休息之处,手中持一小棍或树枝,行走时“打草惊蛇”也是一个行之有效的避免被蛇咬的方法。
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