勇武不亚于刘邦、刘秀和刘备,刘裕为何没能统一全国?

2025-03-06 11:25:01
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

刘裕,字德舆,小字寄奴。生于公元363年。驾崩于公元422年。公元420年登基,在位2年。终年60岁。刘裕是当之无愧的两晋南北朝第一牛人。刘裕出身贫寒。完全是是靠自己的能力成为东晋权臣。最终篡位登基。刘宋王朝的开国皇帝,史称宋太祖。虽然刘裕出身最底层。

但他建立的刘宋是南朝里无论是从国土面积,军事实力。经济水平而言,刘宋无疑是最强大的。但说刘裕有机会统一天下。应该是可能性不大。而之所有没有成就天下,一是刘裕死得太早(成起事有点晚),二是后期有些保守,没有早年的进取心,三就是以刘裕实力还不足以统一天下。

南宋大诗人陆游曾言:“萧相守关成汉业,穆之一死宋班师。赫连拓跋非难取,天意从来未易知。这个说法是很中肯的,如果刘穆之不死,刘裕是可以统一天下的。而刘穆之只是一个符号和代表,实际上是指,刘裕缺乏世家和门阀支持,而那个时代,却恰恰是门阀世家最鼎盛的时候,刘裕一介平民能够占据半壁江山篡位登基已经不易了。刘裕出身和朱元璋一样,都来自社会最底层,朱元璋能够成就天下是因为没有了门阀、朱元璋如果南北朝哪个世家门阀时代未必如刘裕。

刘邦成就天下是因为新的权贵阶层必定要代替守旧的没落贵族。刘秀就是依靠世家成就天下的,至于刘备他还不如刘裕呢。半壁江山的刘宋短命王朝,而世家门阀的影响一直延续到唐末,刘裕要想统一天下必须和世家结合。但世家却没有想统一天下。门阀世家制度的固然是刘裕的最大威胁。依靠世家不行,铲除世也不行,这是一个政治矛盾体。但刘裕早死,没有解决这个政治问题,所以刘裕没有统一天下,但必须指出是,南北朝时期。最有机会统一天下的都是北朝,而不是南朝。

刘裕在面对是华夏的百年乱世、胡人遍北方,政权林立,西晋亡国,被迫南迁,但皇帝始终是世家的傀儡,刘裕却能成就一番帝王伟业,足见其能力,才干。在他所处的时代,无疑是第一牛人。但刘裕起家太晚,刘裕36岁的时候在吴郡击败邪教头子孙恩造反才一举成名。刘裕40岁的时候,破卢循。败桓玄。刘裕45岁的时候入朝执掌朝纲。刘裕54岁时候,刘裕的萧何刘穆之病逝,刘裕也就此丧失进取之心,开始筹备篡位登基。

57岁的刘裕在位两年就驾崩了。再就是刘裕老来得子,裕肱骨早亡,大业后继乏人。也让刘裕不得不放下统一天下的雄心,刘裕这么做历史证明是正确的,他驾崩以后,他的辅政大臣居然废了他合法的继承人另立新君、这也从一个侧面说明了刘宋王朝根基不问稳。而晚年的刘裕已经没有了当年的豪气和雄心,没有那么高的追求了,把一份丰厚的家业和把帝位传给儿子是刘裕晚年唯一要做的事情了。而从现实角度来说,关中已经丢失,文臣刘穆之,武将王镇恶全都过世,没有人了。

而且当时南方整体经济实力弱于北方。从各个方面来说,刘裕统一天下机会很渺茫,即便成功了,大概也是一个短命王朝,应该和隋朝差不多。前景较为悲观 。

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