期货交易的杠杆机制怎么理解
能举个具体点的例子吗?赔赚都是和保证金有关吗啊?
推荐回答(5个)
期货的本质是与他人签订一份远期买卖商品(或股指、外汇、利率)的合约,以达到保值或赚钱的目的。
如果您认为期货价格会上涨,就做多(买开仓),涨起来(卖)平仓或交割,赚了:差价=平仓价(交割价)-开仓价。
如果您认为期货价格会下跌,就做空(卖开仓),跌下去(买)平仓或交割,赚了:差价=开仓价-平仓价(交割价)。
期货既然是签订买卖合约,就需要交纳保证金,以保证合约能正常履约,保证金一般是合约价值的10%,所以,10%的保证金(资金),就可以做价值100%的合约,这就是期货保证金的杠杆作用。
下面拿做空小麦为例,解释一下期货保证金杠杆制的原理:
您在小麦每吨2000元时,估计麦价要下跌,您在期货市场上与买家签订了一份(一手)合约,(比如)约定在半年内,您可以随时卖给他10吨标准麦,价格是每吨2000元.(价值2000×10=20000元,按10%保证金算,您应提供2000元的履约保证金,履约保证金会跟随合约价值的变化而变化。)
这就是做空(卖开仓),实际操作时,您是卖开仓一手小麦的期货合约。
买家为什么要同您签订合约呢?因为他看涨.
签订合约时,您手中并不一定有麦子(一般也并不是真正要卖麦子).您在观察市场,若市场如您所愿,下跌了,跌到每吨1800元时,您按每吨1800元买了10吨麦,以每吨2000元卖给了买家,合约履行完毕(您的履约保证金返还给您).您赚了:
(2000-1800)×10=2000(元)(手续费一般来回10元,忽略)
这就是获利平仓,实际操作时,您是买平仓一手小麦的期货合约。
与您签订合约的买家(非特定)赔了2000元(手续费忽略)。
●整个操作,您只需在2000点卖出一手麦,在1800点买平就可以了,非常方便.●
期货开仓后,在交割期以前,可以随时平仓,当天也可以买卖数次(一般当天平仓免手续费)。如果在半年内,麦价上涨,您没有机会买到低价麦平仓,您就会被迫买高价麦平仓(合约到期必须平仓),您就会亏损,而同您签订合约的买家就赚了。
假如您是2200点平仓的,您会亏损:
(2200-2000)×10=2000(元)+10元手续费.
与您签订合约的买家(非特定)赚了2000元(手续费忽略)。
从上面的例子可以看出,期货合约的价值变化了10%,(按10%计算保证金)您的保证金会翻番或赔光。
先说期货是什么。期货是买卖双方交易的合约,相当于买家和卖家签订一个未来某时点交货的合同。既然是合同,就不需要现在付货和付全款,交易双方只需要支付适量的保证金。
当期货的交易价格上涨,多头赚钱,下跌则空头赚钱。多空的盈亏是其合约价值决定的。比方说,您买入持仓的价值是100万,涨10%,就是赚了10万。
但您可能只为这手合约支付了9%的保证金,即9万保证金。从保证金的角度,您用9万的本金赚了10万,盈利的比率是111%。
这就是杠杆。
期货杠杆就是可以以小博大。
期货是采用保证金交易,以10%的保证金来说,就是10倍杠杆。对应期货合约价格波动1%,体现在保证金上的盈亏就会放大10倍也就是10%,如果价格波动5%,对应保证金盈亏的波动就能达到50%,这就是加杠杆的收益和风险
,没有绝对的好处或者坏处。
去赌场,换赌资。1000块钱换1块赌场币。你有1000000,换成1000赌场币,用1000赌场币在赌场里玩,然后再换回现金。
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