中国古代军事的基本思想是什么?

2025-03-16 17:19:27
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

中国古代军事思想是中国古代关于战争和军队问题的理性认识。中国古代著名兵书是它的集中概括。它的产生约在中国建立了奴隶制国家的夏代,其形成则在中国由奴隶社会向封建社会过渡的春秋战国时期,后世不断予以丰富和发展。它的一些基本思想是:(1)朴素的唯物论和辩证法思想。许多兵法都贯穿着反对天命论的思想,强调战争胜负决定于人。孙子、吴子等明确提出,战争的胜负决定于政治、将领、治兵、法令及天时、地利等客观条件。孙子提出“以五事校之计而索其情”、“知己知彼,百战不殆。”就是说战争的胜负是可以计算和争取的。同时,揭示了战争中众寡、强弱、虚实、攻守、奇正、主客、刚柔等矛盾的辩证关系。(2)富国强兵的政治主张。凡有作为的军事家,都把军队建设看成关系国家安危的大事。孙子所谓“兵者,国之大事,死生之地,存亡之道”。几乎所有兵法都主张“内修文德,外治武备”,认为战争的胜利取决于国家的良好政治制度和措施。(3)从严治军,强调严格的纪律和管理。在号令方面,要求令行禁止,成为“有节制之师”,在赏罚方面主张“有信”和“必诚”,并注意军队平时作风的养成。(4)讲求谋略,运用“兵不厌诈”的指挥艺术。主张奇正并用,虚实结合,使敌难以预测;而用兵的诡诈则以对敌情判断和了解作基础,要求审时度势,临机处置。(5)重视将领的德才和作用。强调选贤任能,要求将领具有智、信、仁、勇、严等品质。但古代军事思想存在着统治阶级的偏见,如抹杀战争的阶级性,宣扬上智下愚和封建伦理道德观念,过分夸大将帅的作用等。中国古代军事思想是中华民族悠久灿烂文化遗产中的一个重要部分。中国近代的直至现代的军事思想,都从中批判地继承和吸取了许多有价值的内容。

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