锈病的症状有几种类型?

2025-04-08 04:38:46
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回答(1):

锈病是由担子菌纲锈菌目中的锈菌引起的花卉病害的总称,是一类特征明显的病害。各类锈菌的多数孢子能形成红褐色或黄褐色、颜色深浅不同的铁锈状孢子堆而得名。

锈病是许多花卉都能发生的一种真菌病害,它既为害草本花卉,也为害木本花卉,如牡丹、月季、杜鹃、玫瑰、蔷薇、杏、金银花、八仙花、菊花、唐菖蒲、芍药、石竹、萱草、万寿菊、翠菊、蜀葵、鸢尾、香石竹等都能发病。

锈病能为害花卉的叶片、叶柄和芽,有些也为害花和果实。产生大量的锈色、黄色、橙色,甚至白色的斑点,当表皮破裂后露出铁锈色孢子堆,有的锈病还能引起肿瘤。通常症状有以下3种类型:开始在叶片及花茎上产生泡状斑点(病菌和夏孢子堆)。

开始被表皮覆盖,后来表皮破裂,散出黄褐色粉状的夏孢子。有时很多孢子堆合并成一片,表皮翻卷,叶面上有一层黄褐色粉状夏孢子。在夏孢子堆周围失绿而呈淡黄色,严重时整个叶片变黄,甚至造成全株叶片枯死,花梗变成红褐色,花蕾干瘪或凋谢脱落,如大花萱草锈病。

开始在叶上产生淡黄色小斑点,后变成褐色,隆起呈小脓疱状,破裂后散出黄褐色粉末。后期在叶片和叶柄及茎上,长出深褐色或黑褐色椭圆形肿斑,破裂后露出栗褐色粉状物。严重时可造成全株叶片枯死,在菊花等花卉上发生较重。

在叶面上出现橙黄色夏孢子堆,后产生黑褐色冬孢子堆,严重时叶片全部受害,叶背布满一层黄粉,叶片焦枯,提早脱落,严重影响生长和发育,多发生在玫瑰、蔷薇等花卉上。

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