根据花盆的制盆材料有哪些分类?

2025-03-01 18:20:12
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

1.瓦盆又称素烧盆,是使用最广泛的花卉栽培容器。利用黏土在800~900℃高温下烧制而成,有红盆和灰盆两种。瓦盆质地粗糙,且盆壁多孔,有良好的通气、排水性能,适合花卉根系的生长。由于价格低廉,所以应用广泛。

素烧盆通常为圆形,其大小规格不一,一般家庭花卉最常用的是直径与盆高相等的标准盆。不同的花卉种类对盆深的要求各异,如大家所熟知的杜鹃花和球根花卉适合用比较浅的盆,这种盆的高度是上部内径的3/4;蔷薇和牡丹用盆较深;播种或移苗多用深8~10厘米的浅盆,最小的盆口直径为6厘米,最大不超过50厘米。

使用新瓦盆应注意以下两点:第一,冬季瓦盆不宜露天贮藏,因为它们具有多孔性而易吸收外界水分,致使在低温下结冰、融化交替进行,造成瓦盆破碎。第二,新的瓦盆在使用前,必须先经水浸泡,否则每一个新的栽植盆,都可能从栽培基质中吸收很多的水分,而导致花卉缺水。

2.釉盆又称陶瓷盆,其形状有圆形、方形、菱形等。美观大方、坚固耐用的陶釉花盆,为众多花卉爱好者所喜爱,尤其是那古朴素雅、质地细腻的宜兴陶盆,更视为珍品。这种盆水分、空气流通不畅,使用不得法,花卉往往生长不良,甚至根系腐烂。

使用釉盆应注意:第一,要选用具有良好通气透水性能的营养土,亦可在一般营养土中掺入一二成沙子、锯末或炉灰渣。并在盆底多垫些大粒沙子或碎瓦片,上面平铺一层塑料窗纱,在盆壁四周再放些粉碎的瓦片颗粒,将营养土与盆壁隔开,留浇水的沿口亦不要过深。第二,陶釉盆容易发热,极不利于花卉根系生长,故平时应将花盆放在遮阴的土地上,或者将花盆埋入土中,尤其是小盆、浅盆,盆面略高于土面。无泥土的地方,可铺一层土,让花盆的四周及底部都能接触土壤。水泥地面也易发热,不宜长期放置此类盆花。第三,养护管理时浇水不可过多过勤,应见干见湿。经常向盆花周围地面洒水,增加空气湿度。花盆长久接触地面,根部就可通过盆底孔吸收土中的水分。在夏季,切不可中午浇水。雨季应有遮雨的措施,但适当地淋雨水对盆花生长有益处。雨水过大,盆中积水,应倒掉盆中雨水,及时避雨。

3.塑料盆用聚氯乙烯按一定模型制成,花卉生产上多使用硬塑料。塑料盆可以根据需要进行设计,造型灵活多变,颜色多样,与花卉相配,可以衬托出青翠的叶色,鲜艳的花朵,观赏效果极佳。而且盆内外光洁、轻巧,洗涤方便,不易破碎,适宜远途运输,可较长期、多次使用。

塑料盆因制作材料结构较紧密,盆壁孔隙很少,壁面不容易吸收或蒸发水分,所以排水、通气性能比瓦盆差。如花卉根系要求氧气较高,可在栽植前先填入通气性、排水性良好的多孔隙的栽培基质,并注意控制浇水量。在育苗阶段,常选用方便的小型软塑料盆。

4.木盆或木桶:一般选用材质坚硬、不易腐烂、厚度为0.5~1.5厘米的木板制作而成,其形状有圆形、方形。为了便于换盆时倒出盆内土团,应将木盆或木桶做成上大下小的形状。木盆外部可刷上有色油漆,既防腐又美观。盆底需设排水孔,以便排水。这类木盆或木桶,宜栽植大型的观叶花卉如橡皮树、棕榈,放置于会场、厅堂,极为醒目。

5.玻璃盆:利用玻璃制作的器皿,可以栽植小型花卉。器皿的形状、大小多种多样,常用的有玻璃鱼缸、大型的玻璃瓶、碗形的玻璃皿等。栽植时,在这些容器底部先放入栽培材料,然后将耐阴花卉,如花叶竹芋、鸭趾草、各种蕨类的小苗,疏密有致地布置于容器中,放置于窗台或几架上,别具一格。

6.纸盆:供培养幼苗专用,特别用于不耐移植的花卉种类,如香豌豆、矢车菊等,先在温室内用纸盆育苗,然后露地栽植,甚或直接将纸盆埋入土中定植。

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