推荐回答(5个)
其色惨淡,烟霏云敛;其容清明,天高日晶;其气栗冽,砭人肌骨;其意萧条,山川寂廖。
秋声赋
作者:欧阳修
欧阳子方夜读书,闻有声自西南来者,悚然而听之,曰:“异哉!”初淅沥以萧飒,忽奔腾而砰湃,如波涛夜惊,风雨骤至。其触于物也,鏦鏦铮铮,金铁皆鸣;又如赴敌之兵,衔枚疾走,不闻号令,但闻人马之行声。予谓童子:“此何声也?汝出视之。”童子曰:“星月皎洁,明河在天,四无人声,声在树间。”
予曰:“噫嘻悲哉!此秋声也,胡为而来哉?盖夫秋之为状也:其色惨淡,烟霏云敛;其容清明,天高日晶;其气栗冽,砭人肌骨;其意萧条,山川寂寥。故其为声也,凄凄切切,呼号愤发。丰草绿缛而争茂,佳木葱茏而可悦;草拂之而色变,木遭之而叶脱。其所以摧败零落者,乃其一气之余烈。夫秋,刑官也,于时为阴;又兵象也,于行用金,是谓天地之义气,常以肃杀而为心。天之于物,春生秋实,故其在乐也,商声主西方之音,夷则为七月之律。商,伤也,物既老而悲伤;夷,戮也,物过盛而当杀。”
“嗟乎!草木无情,有时飘零。人为动物,惟物之灵;百忧感其心,万事劳其形;有动于中,必摇其精。而况思其力之所不及,忧其智之所不能;宜其渥然丹者为槁木,黟然黑者为星星。奈何以非金石之质,欲与草木而争荣?念谁为之戕贼,亦何恨乎秋声!”
童子莫对,垂头而睡。但闻四壁虫声唧唧,如助予之叹息。
译文
欧阳先生夜里正在读书,(忽然)听到有声音从西南方向传来,心里不禁悚然。他一听,惊道:“奇怪啊!”这声音初听时像淅淅沥沥的雨声,其中还夹杂着萧萧飒飒的风吹树木声,然后忽然变得汹涌澎湃起来,像是江河夜间波涛突起、风雨骤然而至。碰到物体上发出铿锵之声,又好像金属撞击的声音,再(仔细)听,又像衔枚奔走去袭击敌人的军队,听不到任何号令声,只听见有人马行进的声音。(于是)我对童子说:“这是什么声音?你出去看看。”童子回答说:“月色皎皎、星光灿烂、浩瀚银河、高悬中天,四下里没有人的声音,那声音是从树林间传来的。”
我叹道:“唉,可悲啊!这就是秋声呀,它为何而来呢(它怎么突然就来了呢)?大概是那秋天的样子,它的色调暗淡、烟飞云收;它的形貌清新明净、天空高远、日色明亮;它的气候寒冷、刺人肌骨;它的意境寂寞冷落,没有生气、川流寂静、山林空旷。所以它发出的声音时而凄凄切切,呼号发生迅猛,不可遏止。绿草浓密丰美,争相繁茂,树木青翠茂盛而使人快乐。然而,一旦秋风吹起,拂过草地,草就要变色;掠过森林,树就要落叶。它能折断枝叶、凋落花草,使树木凋零的原因,便是一种构成天地万物的混然之气(秋气)的余威。
秋天是刑官执法的季节,它在季节上说属于阴;秋天又是兵器和用兵的象征,在五行上属于金。这就是常说的天地之严凝之气,它常常以肃杀为意志。自然对于万物,是要它们在春天生长,在秋天结实。所以,秋天在音乐的五声中又属商声。商声是西方之声,夷则是七月的曲律之名。商,也就是‘伤’的意思,万物衰老了,都会悲伤。夷,是杀戮的意思,草木过了繁盛期就应该衰亡。”
“唉!草木是无情之物,尚有衰败零落之时。人为动物,在万物中又最有灵性,无穷无尽的忧虑煎熬他的心绪,无数琐碎烦恼的事来劳累他的身体。只要内心被外物触动,就一定会消耗他的精气。更何况常常思考自己的力量所做不到的事情,忧虑自己的智慧所不能解决的问题,自然会使他红润的面色变得苍老枯槁,乌黑的头发(壮年)变得鬓发花白(年老)。(既然这样,)为什么却要以并非金石的肌体,去像草木那样争一时的荣盛呢?(人)应当仔细考虑究竟是谁给自己带来了这么多残害,又何必去怨恨这秋声呢?”
书童没有应答,低头沉沉睡去。只听得四壁虫鸣唧唧,像在附和我的叹息。
《秋声赋》是宋代大文学家欧阳修的辞赋作品。此赋作于宋仁宗嘉祐四年秋,欧阳修时年五十三岁,虽身居高位,然有感于宦海沉浮,政治改革艰难,故心情苦闷,乃以“悲秋”为主题,抒发人生的苦闷与感叹。全文以“秋声”为引子,抒发草木被风摧折的悲凉,延及更容易被忧愁困思所侵袭的人,感叹“百忧感其心,万事劳其形”,也是作者自己对人生不易的体悟。全文立意新颖,语言清丽,章法多变,熔写景、抒情、记事、议论为一炉,显示出文赋自由挥洒的韵致。
初淅沥以萧飒,忽奔腾而澎湃;如波涛夜惊,风雨骤至.其触于物也,鏦鏦铮铮,金铁皆鸣;又如赴敌之兵衔枚疾走,不闻号令,但闻人马之行声.
盖夫秋之为状也:其色惨淡,烟霏云敛;其容清明,天高日晶;其气栗冽,砭人肌骨;其意萧条,山川寂寥;故其为声也,凄凄切切,呼号愤发.丰草绿缛而争茂,佳木葱笼而可悦;草拂之而色变,木遭之而叶脱;其所以摧败零落者,乃其一气之余烈.夫秋,刑官也,于时为阴;又兵象也,于行为金,是谓天地之义气,常以肃杀而为心.天之于物,春生秋实.故其在乐也,商声主西方之音,夷则为七月之律.商,伤也;物既老而悲伤.夷,戮也;物过盛而当杀.”
“嗟乎,草木无情,有时飘零.人为动物,惟物之灵.百忧感其心,万事劳其形.有动于中,必摇其精.而况思其力之所不及,忧其智之所不能;宜其渥然丹者为槁木,黟然黑者为星星.奈何以非金石之质,欲与草木而争荣?念谁为之戕贼,亦何恨乎秋声!”
盖夫秋之为状也;其色惨淡,烟霏云敛;其容清明,天高日晶;其气栗洌,砭人肌骨;其意萧条,山川寂寥.故其为声也,凄凄切切,呼号奋发.丰草绿缛而争茂,佳木葱茏而可悦;草拂之而色变,木遭之而叶脱.其所以摧败零落者,乃其一气之余烈.
其色惨淡,烟霏云敛;其容清明,天高日晶;其气栗冽,砭人肌骨;其意萧条,山川寂廖
初淅沥以萧飒,忽奔腾而澎湃;如波涛夜惊,风雨骤至.其触于物也,鏦鏦铮铮,金铁皆鸣;又如赴敌之兵衔枚疾走,不闻号令,但闻人马之行声.
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