Jinan is a sub-provincial city and the capital of Shandong province, People's Republic of China. Located in western Shandong, it borders Liaocheng to the southwest, Dezhou to the northwest, Binzhou to the northeast, Zibo to the east, Laiwu to the southeast and Tai'an to the south.
Jinan is located in the north-western part of Shandong province at 36° 40′ northern latitude and 116° 57′ east of Greenwich. Because its location falls within the warm temperate continental monsoon climate zone, Jinan has four distinct seasons. The city is dry and rainless in spring, hot and rainy in summer, crisp in autumn and dry and cold in winter. The average annual temperature is 14.2°C, and the annual rainfall is around 675 mm. January is the coldest and driest month, the monthly averages are -5.4°C for the daily minimum temperature, 3.6°C for the daily maximum temperature, and 6.6 mm for the rainfall. July is the warmest and wettest month, the corresponding numbers are 23.5°C, 32.6°C, and 190.9 mm (Source: The Global Historical Climatology Network, version 2 beta, covering 874 months between 1916 and 1990).
Jinan has been recognized by the State Council of China as a worthy cultural-historic city. The ancient site on which Jinan was erected was probably settled as early as the Shang Dynasty, 3,000 years ago. From its location, south of the ancient Ji Waters, comes Jinan's name, literally meaning South of Ji. Jinan slowly developed during the Zhou Dynasty; by the Jin Dynasty, Buddhism began to flourish in the area, and various temples were erected making Jinan the religious center of Shandong at the time. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Jinan became a prefecture and was called "The nation of literature and the place of wealth." Jinan being one of the biggest tax-collecting zones in the kingdom.
Jinan was home to China's oldest trademark bronze plate. This shows the fast industrial and commercial development in Jinan at the time. The "Two An's of Jinan" created a lot of famous poetry and literature during this period, and became famous representatives of China's literary elite. The city continued to develop throughout the Ming and Qing Dynasties, becoming one of the most important trading centers in its region of China by the late Qing.
Industrial development thrived before the Japanese Invasion of China in 1933, during the times of the Republic. The city was damaged during World War II and was later rebuilt to a large extent. Since Deng Xiaoping's reforms, Jinan has strived to develop into a modern metropolis. Trade has opened up and Jinan's former industrial strengths have resurfaced.
The economic development of Jinan only came to speed since Deng Xiaoping's 1978 reforms, opened up China to the outside world. The focus was on improving medium and large sized enterprises, thus improving the level of industrial competition. Technological developments were improved greatly. Jinan is known for various famous brands that come from the city. Jinan is moving towards specializing in industries such as social insurance, telecommunications, information, and tourism.
Agriculture and the rural economy also got a huge boost since 1978. The old way of operating agriculture is being replaced by a newer, more modern method. More and more enterprises are going to rural areas to do more business. The forest and fishing industries also thrive in the region. It is one of the top producers in China of cotton, peanuts, and fruit.
Economic growth has been fast, at a pace of nearly 12% a year in the growth of GDP since 1990. The GDP per capita was ¥25192 (US$3042) in 2003, ranked no. 38 among 659 Chinese cities.
Jinan is known for its beautiful natural sites, and is one of the greatest tourist destinations in Shandong. Jinan boasts a series of old and childhood homes of politicians, philosophers, dynastic officials, and artists. Furthermore, Jinan's purported picturesque scenery by the lake and ruddy waters that flow in and around the city make it more attractive to domestic tourists -- a lot of this was reflected by famous Tang Dynasty poet Du Fu. Sadly, industrialisation, pollution, unfortunate "post revolution" architecture and frequent dust storms reduce the allure of its once-spectacular beauty. There are more than a few natural scenery sites in Jinan. Just over an hour to the south, closer to Tai'an, is the famous Tai Shan, one of the five "great Chinese mountains" (Wu Yue). To the north are scenic blue-colored mountains, beside the Yellow River. Jinan is also known for its natural springs, which have only recently become functional again after the depleted and polluted water table was artificially replenished after decades of sluggish inactivity. However, for a great percentage of the year the city is extremely dry.
Tourist attractions include:
Baotu Spring Park
Daming Lake
Thousand-Buddha Mountain
Shandong Provincial Museum - unique in China for displaying a dead six-legged calf in its natural exhibits area.
Liberation Pavilion
Pearl Springs
Black Tiger Springs
Jinniu Park
Baimai Spring in Zhangqiu
Chengziya Museum of Longshan Culture
The Beautiful City Jinan
Hello,everyone,have you ever heard of the beautiful northern city Jinan?Let me say something about it.Well,when talking about Jinan,we can't help thinking of its famous springs,of which 72 have their names.The Baotu Spring,letting out water all day long, is the largest of them,and is called the first spring in the world.The water is so cool and clean that it can be drunk without being boiled.Thanks to its famous springs,Jinan is known as the City of Springs.
Thousand Buddha Mountain,lying in the south of Jinan,is the second tourist attraction I want to introduce to you.It's covered with thousands of trees and flowers,and the air there is fresh.The birds sing and the flowers come out. What beautiful scenery.The people from all directions go there for relaxitation and amusement.
Friends,you must have learnt about the Daming Lake,one of the three treasures of Jinan,where all springs gather,lying in the north of the city.It's a quiet and beautiful place to visit.You,together with a couple of your friends can go there for fun.During the weekend,there are many visitors,coming from the neighbouring provinces.
Jinan is a historical city with more than 2000 years' history.Under the leadership of the government and with the efforts of the Jinan people,it has developed into a modern and civilized city with a population of around six million.We believe Jinan will be developing rapidly and steadily and attracting more attentions from the people all over the world.
That's all,thank you!
The City of Springs
Jinan, the 'City of Springs' is popular among tourists for its many springs.
Jinan, the capital of Shandong Province, is located in the mid west of Shandong.
What kind of city is Jinan? We can see from its various unique characteristics.
Jinan is a historical city with a history of some 2000 years and is famed for its numerous relics. It is the cradle of the Longshan Relics Culture, the reputed prehistoric culture of China and is found in Longshan Town of Jinan, hence the name. In the area of Jinan, you will find far more than you would expect, the ancient Great Wall of the Qi State (a state of the Zhou Dynasty (770B.C. – 221B.C.)), the colored sculptures of the Song Dynasty (960-1279) in the Lingyan Temple and so on.
Jinan is the home of Lu Cai (Shandong cuisine), a popular cuisine of China.
The unique tourist souvenirs available in Jinan include Ejiao, Black Pottery, Lu Embroidery and Wooden-Fish wares.
Jinan is the right place to see some very typical festivals including The Lantern Festival in the Baotu Spring Park, the Lotus Festival in the Daming Lake Park and the Double-Nine Festival on the Thousand-Buddha Mountain.
Jinan is a hospitable city and receives tourists from all over the world. Marco Polo once visited Jinan and left words of praise to this city. The Baotu Spring, Daming Lake and the Thousand Buddha Mountain decorate Jinan as a Garden City.
Compared with those capital cities, or other large and medium-size cities in China, Jinan has few advantages and lacks a metropolitan atmosphere, the highlight being its numerous springs. Some people say Jinan's glamour is not merely its enticing natural beauty, but more the warmth of the Jinan people. The beauty of nature is thin and weak, but the beauty that comes from people will last forever.
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济南，地处山东省的中西部，南枕泰山，北临黄河，是一座拥有2600多年历史的古老城市，同时也是我首批历史文化名城之一，1999年被国家旅游局命名为“中国优秀旅游城市”，旅游资源较为丰富。
济南素有“泉城”之称，济南市地势南高北低，来自城南山区的地下水，流至济南城区喷涌而出，形成了济南市区的一百多个水泉，故又有“济南七十二名泉”之说，在众多的泉子之中，以趵突泉、珍珠泉、黑虎泉、五龙潭最为出名，其中的趵突泉更是有着“天下第一泉”的美誉。
喷涌不息的泉水在济南市的北边汇聚，形成了著名的天然湖泊——大明湖，而位于济南市区南部则是著名的佛教胜地——千佛山，一南一北，交相辉映，形成了济南独特的城市风景区，古时便有人赞其为“四面荷花三面柳，一城山色半城湖”，风景秀美，而登上千佛山，可将“泉城”美景尽收眼底，令人流连忘返。
济南市文物古迹众多，有著名的海内古刹灵岩寺、早秦长城400多年的齐长城遗址、用于祭祀的墓前建筑孝堂山郭氏墓石祠，还有位于青龙山的四门塔，是我国现有最古老的单层石塔，是单层塔的早期建筑范例。
济南市的其它景观还有泉城广场、济南黄河公路大桥、五峰山风景区、野生动物世界、百脉泉公园、山东省博物馆、济南市博物馆等。
Jinan, Shandong Province is located in the Midwest, South pillow Taishan, north of the Yellow River, is a 2600 years of history has the old city, but also one of my first batch of historical and cultural city in 1999 by the National Tourism Administration named "China's outstanding tourist city, "a more abundant tourism resources.
Jinan is known as "Springs," said, Jinan City, the low-lying south than in the north from the mountains south of groundwater flow to the Jinan City spewing out of the formation of the more than 100 springs in Jinan urban area, so there are "Jinan 70 2 spring ", which of the many children among the spring in order to Baotu Spring, zhenzhuquan, Heihu Quan, five Longtan the most famous of which is Baotu Spring has a" best in the world spring "in the world.
Keep on spewing springs in Jinan City, the northern cluster, forming the well-known natural lakes - Daming Lake, and is located in the southern city of Jinan is a well-known Buddhist resort - Thousand Buddha Mountain, one south and one north, each other, they formed a unique Jinan scenic city in ancient times some people will praise it as "surrounded on three sides Lotus Liu, a city of mountains and a half city of lakes", scenery beautiful, but boarded the Thousand Buddha Mountain, you can "Springs" beautiful panoramic view, blow people away.
Jinan City, a number of cultural relics, there is the famous temple of the sea off lingyansi, as early as the Qin Great Wall, more than 400 years the Great Wall of Qi site of the grave for worship buildings Xiao Tang Shan Kuo headstone Temple, as well as in the Qinglongshan the Four Gates Pagoda, China The oldest existing single-storey stone pagoda, is a single-storey tower early architectural examples.
Other landscapes are Jinan Spring Square, Jinan Yellow River Highway Bridge, Wufengshan scenic areas, wild animals in the world, Lotus spring park, Shandong Provincial Museum, Jinan City Museum.
济南市是中国东部沿海经济大省--山东省省会，全省政治、经济、文化、科技及教育中心，也是国家批准的副省级城市和沿海开放城市。全市总面积8177平方公里，市区面积3257平方公里。
济南地形复杂多样，南为泰山山地，北靠黄河，地势南高北低。济南地处中纬度，属于暖温带大陆性季风气候区，四季分明，日照充分，年平均气温13.6℃，1月最冷，平均气温-1.9℃，7月气温最高，平均气温27℃。年平均降雨量614毫米。
济南历史悠久，是国务院公布的历史文化名城。济南风景秀丽，泉水众多，被誉为"泉城"。济南的市树是柳树，市花是荷花。
截止2001年末，济南常住人口达到569万人，人口密度为696人/平方公里，人口自然增长率为3.84%。
济南具有2000多年的历史，是闻名世界的史前文化－龙山文化的发祥地，区域内新有石器时代的遗址城子崖，有先于秦长城的齐长城，有现在中国最古老的地面房屋建筑汉代孝堂山郭氏墓，单层古塔四门塔，有被誉为“海内第一名塑”的灵岩寺宋代彩塑罗汉等。济南山灵水秀，人才辈出，历代文人墨客多聚于此，唐代著名诗人曾在这里写下了“济南名士多”的佳句。
济南自然风光秀丽，自古素有“泉城”之美称。尤以趵突泉、黑虎泉、五龙潭、珍珠泉四大名泉久负盛名，自古享有“家家泉水，户户垂杨”之誉。济南拥有的泉水之多，流量之大，景色之美，独步天下.这些泉，纵横分布，错落有致，既有趵突、黑虎、珍珠、五龙潭四大泉群，又有郊区泉群，誉称72名泉.趵突泉为72名泉之首，泉水分三股而淌。泉北有宋代建筑“泺源堂”，西南是明代建筑“观澜亭”，池东为“来鹤桥”，桥南立木牌楼，横额上书“洞天福地”、“蓬山旧迹”。清高宗乾隆南下游览，观趵突泉后大为兴奋，当即题“游湍”，封“天下第一泉”，留《趵突泉游记》石刻碑文。趵突泉东北侧有金线泉。泉中金线忽 隐忽现，弯曲多变，明亮有光，奇妙有致。金线泉以东为漱玉泉，绿柳飘指，清
水碧波，金鱼戏水，十分优美。泉北，有幽雅恬适、翠竹婆娑的“李清照纪念堂”。漱玉泉东北，峡壁下奇石峭立中，马跑、浅井、洗钵泉等，似绿带携为一体。黑虎泉在金线泉东，深凹如洞穴，泉水汩汩上涌，幽深清澈，绿如翡翠，清似琼浆，叮咚过洞前石雕虎头三个，飞溅于方池。附近有琵琶泉，常年流水淙淙，似琵琶乐声不断，又有九天泉
Jinan City is a major economic province in eastern China coast - the capital of Shandong Province, the province's political, economic, cultural, scientific and educational center and a state-approved sub-provincial cities and coastal open cities. The city's total area of 8177 square kilometers, the urban area of 3257 square kilometers.
Jinan, complex and diverse terrain, south of Taishan Mountain, north of the Yellow River, lying south than in the north. Jinan is located in mid-latitudes, belongs to warm temperate continental monsoon climate zone, four distinct seasons, sufficient sunshine, annual average temperature is 13.6 ℃, 1 Yue coldest, with an average temperature of -1.9 ℃, 7 Yue highest temperature, with an average temperature of 27 ℃. Average annual rainfall is 614 millimeters.
Jinan has a long history of the State Council announced historical and cultural city. Jinan, beautiful scenery and numerous springs, known as the "Springs." Jinan city tree is willow, the city flower is the lotus.
As of the end of 2001, Jinan resident population of 5.69 million people, a population density of 696 persons / sq km, the natural population growth rate of 3.84%.
Jinan has 2000 years of history, is the world-famous prehistoric cultures - the birthplace of the Longshan culture within the region there are Stone Age sites in the new Chengziya, there is the first YU Qin Great Wall, Great Wall of Qi, there is now China's most ancient Han Xiao-ground housing construction Tang Shan Kuo tomb, single ancient tower the Four Gates Pagoda, there are known as "the sea off the first plastic" in the Song Dynasty painted sculpture lingyansi Lohan, etc.. Jinan Shan Ling Shui Xiu, talent, ancient literati poly here, the famous Tang Dynasty poet once wrote here, "Jinan celebrities and more" Sentences.
Jinan, beautiful natural scenery, ancient times known as the "Springs" is laudatory. Especially Baotu Spring, Heihu Quan, five Longtan, zhenzhuquan prestigious four famous spring, since ancient times to enjoy "every spring and every household Chueiyang" reputation. Jinan springs have as much traffic so great scenery beauty seen nowhere else in the world. These springs, vertical and horizontal distribution, patchwork, both sudden jump, black tiger, pearl, five Longtan four Quanqun, another suburb Quanqun, Yu said that 72 spring. Baotu Spring for the first spring 72, spring is divided into three shares of the drip. Spring north in the Song Dynasty Architecture "Lok Yuen Tong," Southwest is a Ming Dynasty building "Mission Hills Pavilion" pool east "to Crane Bridge" Bridge timber arches, banners and a letter to "Dongtianfudi", "mt old track." Qianlong Qing Gaozong south tour and watch Baotu Spring, after much excitement, immediately entitled "roaming turbulence" closure "best in the world spring" and stay "Baotu Spring Journey" stone inscription. Baotu Spring northeast there is the golden thread spring. Springs golden flickering, bending and changeable, bright light, a wonderful letter. Gold wire spring east of Shu Yuquan, Luk Lau float refers to the Qing
Water, blue water and goldfish playing in the water, very beautiful. Spring north, there are elegant Tianshi, bamboo swaying "Li Qingzhao Memorial Hall." Shu Yuquan Northeast, Qiao Li in the gorge walls, under rocks, horses running, shallow wells, wash bowl spring and so on, it seems to carry a green belt as a whole. In the golden thread Heihu Quan Quan East, DEEP, such as caves, springs gurgle upwelling, deep clean, green as jade, like Qiong Jiang Qing, Guo-dong ding-dong before the stone tiger's head 3, splash in the pool side. Pipa near the spring, perennial water murmuring, like lute music constantly, another nine days spring
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