六年级奥数浓度问题

2024-11-28 06:41:21
推荐回答(5个)
回答(1):

六年级专题讲座(二十三)

浓度问题 赵丹

基础知识

溶液的重量=溶质的重量+溶剂的重量 浓度=溶质重量÷溶液重量

溶液重量=溶质重量÷浓度 溶质重量=溶液重量×浓度

两种浓度不同的溶液,设:甲的浓度为a,溶液的重量为A;乙的浓度为b,溶液重量B,混合后浓度为c。且a>b,则有

例1 一容器内有浓度为25%的糖水,若再加入20千克水,则糖水的浓度变为15%,问这个容器内原来含有糖多少千克?

解:设浓度为25%的糖水原来重量为x,列方程

,解得 x=30,则这个容器内原来含有糖:30×0。25=7.5 千克

例2 甲、乙两只装满硫酸溶液的容器,甲容器中装有浓度为8%的硫酸溶液600千克,乙容器中装有浓度为40%的硫酸溶液400千克.各取多少千克分别放入对方容器中,才能使这两个容器中的硫酸溶液的浓度一样?

解:设各取 x千克分别放入对方容器中,列方程

,解得x=240(千克)

例3 现有浓度为10%的盐水20千克,再加入多少千克浓度为30%的盐水,可以得到浓度为22%的盐水?

解:设再加入浓度为30%的盐水x千克,列方程

0.22,解得x=30(千克)

例4 现有浓度为10%的盐水8千克,要得到浓度为20%的盐水,用什么方法可以得到,具体如何操作?

解:方法(1)加盐.设加盐x千克,则0.2 解得x=1(千克)

方法(2)蒸发水.设蒸发水x千克,则=0.2 解得x=4(千克)

例5 在浓度为40%的酒精溶液中加入5千克水,浓度变为30%,再加入多少千克酒精,浓度变为50%?

解:设浓度为40%的酒精溶液有x千克,由上面的公式,

有= 解得x=15(千克),则浓度变为30%的酒精溶液有20千克.

设再加入 y千克酒精浓度变为50%。则=0.5,解得y=8(千克)

例6甲种酒精的纯酒精含量为72%,乙种酒精的纯酒精含量为58%,混合后纯酒精的含量为62%。如果每种酒精取的数量都比原来多取15升,混合后的酒精含量为63.25%,问第一次混合时,甲、乙两种酒精各取多少升?

解:设甲种酒精的量为A,乙种酒精的量为B,由第一次混合后纯酒精的含量为62%。

则有 = 所以=.再设甲种酒精的量为2x,乙种酒精的量5 x

每种酒精取的数量都比原来多取15升,再混合后,由上面的公式,

则有 =,所以=

解出x=6。甲种酒精取12升,乙种酒精取30升

练习五

1. 现有浓度为20%的糖水20千克,要得到浓度为10%的糖水,需加水多少千克?

2. 要配制浓度为20%的盐水1000克,需浓度为10%和浓度为30%的盐水各多少克?

3. 一容器内装有10升纯酒精,倒出2.5升后,用水加满,再倒出5升,再用水加满,这时容器内的溶液的浓度是多少?

4. 在浓度为20%的盐水中加入10千克水,浓度变为15%,再加入多少千克盐,浓度变为25%?%

5. 甲种酒精溶液中有酒精6升,水9升;乙种酒精溶液中有酒精9升,水3升;要配制成50%的酒精溶液7升,问两种酒精溶液各需多少升?

6、浓度为20%、18%、16%的三种盐水,混合后得到100克18.8%的盐水,如果18%的盐水比16%的盐水多30克,问每种盐水各多少克?

da
1、20千克

2、各500千克,

3、37.5%

4、千克

5、甲种酒精溶液5 升;乙种酒精溶液2升。

6、设浓度为16%的盐水x克,浓度为18%的盐水(x+30)克,浓度为20%盐水为100-(2 x+30)=(70-2 x)克。列方程:0.2 ×(70-2 x)+0.18 ×(x+30)+0.16 x=18.8 解得x=10克

回答(2):

(120×12.5%×300-300×8%×120)/(300×8%-120×12.5%)

=(4500-2880)/(24-15)

=1620/9

=180克

还可以用方程:

300*8%/(300+x)=120*12.5%/(120+x)

解出x=180

回答(3):

解 设加入蒸馏水 X 克

(300*8%)/(300+x) = (120*12.5%)/120+x

解得 :x = 180 克

回答(4):

前后两种混合,用十字交叉法可以算出AB的第一次混合比是(62-58):(72-62)=2:5,于是设甲为2x,B为5x.后来的混合再用十字交叉法可得甲乙混合比为(63.25-58):(72-63.25)=5:7
由题意,可以列出方程(2x+15)/(5x+15)=5/7
解得x=30/11,
甲乙的质量就是60/11升与150/11升
不知对不对!!

回答(5):

浓度为5%的食盐和白开水各若干千克--混合浓度为5×2/(100+100×2)=1/30,20%的食盐水与5%的食盐和白开水混合物之比(10%-1/30):(20%-10%)=2:3,5%的食盐和白开水混合物为10÷2/3=15千克,加入的食盐水是白开水数量的2倍,因此加入的白开水是15×1/(1+2)=5千克。

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