在应用高斯定理计算电场强度时,高斯面应怎样选取?

2024-12-04 10:34:57
推荐回答(5个)
回答(1):

高斯面的选取要选择高级空间对称的面。并且所选择的面上场强大小相等。在积分时容易提出去,还有面积要好算的。多记几个模型解题就够用的了。如球带电体选同心球面。圆柱带电体选择同心圆柱面。平面带电体选垂直平面的长方体。

高斯定理是从库仑定律直接导出的,它完全依赖于电荷间作用力的平方反比律。把高斯定理应用于处在静电平衡条件下的金属导体,就得到导体内部无净电荷的结论,因而测定导体内部是否有净电荷是检验库仑定律的重要方法。



扩展资料:

高斯定理源于库仑定律,依赖于场强叠加原理,只有当电场线密度等于场强大小时场线通量才能与场强通量等同,并统一遵从高斯定理。高斯面上的实际场强是其内外所有电荷产生的场强叠加而成的合场强。但利用高斯面所求得的场强则仅仅是分析高斯面上。

场强分布时所涉及的电荷在高斯面上产生的合场强,而不包含未涉及的电荷所产生的场强。特别要强调两点:

 1、关于电场线的方向的规定:电场线上每一点的切线方向就是该点电场的方向。

2、关于电场线的疏密的规定,电场线在某处的疏密要反映电场强度的大小,即在电场中通过某一点的电场线的数密度与该点电场强度的大小呈正相关。

参考资料来源:百度百科-高斯定理

参考资料来源:百度百科-高斯定律

回答(2):

你好:
高斯面的选取要选择高级空间对称的面。并且你所选择的面上场强大小相等。在积分时容易提出去,还有面积要好算的。多记几个模型解题就够用的了。如球带电体选同心球面。(线)圆柱带电体选择同心(线)圆柱面。平面带电体选垂直平面的长方体。

回答(3):

首先对电场进行对称性分析;根据对称性选择合适的高斯面;选取合适的高斯面,以使场强在全部面上相等,或部分面上相等而其它面上通量为零;这就是原则
比如球对称的电场
做球形高斯面这样保证面上的e都相等,柱对称
面对称的咱们选的是圆柱形高斯面
这样做是为了让部分面上通量为零
部分面上e相等且作为常量提到积分号外面
你看看大学物理电磁学上面的几个例题,点电荷的,带电球面,带电球体
无限大带电平面
无限长带电直线
等几个例题
选的高斯面就是根据这个来的

回答(4):

一般选取都要一个面上的场强一致 或者有些上面是0 一般表面的话要取离表面很近的地方场强可以认为是一定或者变化很小的 要么就是场强的方向垂直于平面比如电容器这种的 如果不能的话一般就无法用高斯定理算了 另外还要利用电磁场的边界条件列方程

回答(5):

高斯面过场点,组成高斯面的法线方向与场强方向平行或垂直,场强大小相同时E可以提出,高斯面最好是简单几何面

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